The first edition of the novel was published in , and was written by Mohsin Hamid. The book was published in multiple languages including English, consists of pages and is available in Hardcover format.
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Acadamic wise, He had a strong base where he attended Princeton University and Harvard law School, worked as a management consultant in New York and London. His first novel was Moth Smoke , second one was The Reluctant Fundamentalist where Changez plays the main character.
A Pakistani who tries to find the new life and decides to go to America to study then he graduates from Princeton university with the best grade and later works in a financial firm in Underwood Samson, Manhattan as a consultant. The literary style used in the novel is in a form of a monologue.
He meets an American stranger in an Old antalkali tea Shop where Changez invites him to tea and then dinner. Changez recalls the story of his journey to America, how he landed there with a scholarship, How he graduated from Princeton and landing with a good job and later comes back to Lahore after he could no longer tolerate the humiliation and indignity.
It is in first person narration Changez as the reader in the position of the operative. Hamid, It unfolds and gives a clear picture of how something might happen in the conversation between the stranger and the protagonist. Changez fights against his feelings and at a point become indecisive on whether to keep staying in America where he likes the lifestyle and status orreturn back to his country.
He was in dilemma because he enjoyed the American lifestyle but could no longer face all the humiliations poured on him.
He is a victim of false accusation for the fact that he is a muslim. It also aims to analyse the protagonist with relation to a broader perspective where he represents the Muslims as a whole. Mohsin Hamid adopted different narrative techniques in his novel. Hamid uses a single person narrative which is a monologue. Then moves on to the second person narrative that can be seen when Pakistan goes beyond the domestic problem, the novelist brings out the connection in the novel by using the monologue technique.
Here, he explains monologue techniques as an uninterrupted speech which is directly addressed to the character or the audience. The article talks about the thematic scheme. The monologue in the thematic part of the novel is the strategy which is used to show that it is also a dramatic monologue which is common to the stage plays and films but in the case of this novel it is the most striking element which in the course of the monologue it provides the insights of his character and it correlates with essence of the novel.
Changez when he communicates with an American he are occasional interruptions which is never heard when it is structured in the novel as one-sided conversation.
Instead of giving any particular conclusion, the novelist tries to allow the reader to ponder over the attitude and policies of America. Hamid choose and uses the dramatic monologue. The readers are reminded of how they are only introduced to a one sided story. But the ending chapters talks of how Changez becomes a suspect. Hamid accelerates the story pace by making his characters move in a linear pattern.
The narrative technique is the advantage for novelist. Hamid clarifies that he wants his reader to know the external conflicts and what they experience in America through his novel The Reluctant Fundamentalist. Changez narrates the story to a American listener. The Taliban group refused to hand over Osama Bin laden to U. Changez also complains that America is not being supportive of Pakistan despite the fact that Pakistan gave assistance to America in Afghanistan.
And he feels powerless at that point. Then Changez quits his job in Underwood Samson. Even his colleagues were suspicious of him because he suddenly quit his job in the midst of all the works assigned to him..
Even the guards look at him in suspicion when he leaves the office after working hours. This monologue which starts with a formal and seemingly kind to offer to be an assistance to an American who gradually settles to role of silent interlocutor and whose nationality is brought into the equation in the novel.
When Changez see the Stranger he asked him for his assistance. This Article mainly focuses on his return to Pakistan and subsequently role as a University lecture of advocate disengagement of America.
Also imposes on Integration and alienation are the crux of novel When Changez Integrated to America as an Aspiration which is fused by Individualistic stood out as motivational. This could be seen when he joins to Princeton he walks in public he says he conducts himself as a young prince, generous and carefree. When Changez inner-directed the narratives mode are clear that he is diligent, hardworking, courteous which is generally accepted. Changez is not a victim of National identity but of multiple conflicts which moves through his life.
He may not believe in solitude as we see, but he is not comfortable with it as well. We is unable to move ahead with his life all alone. Changez feeling of alienation is enhanced by the invasion of Afghanistan by America. In the novel we also see when he had to choose between the America And Afghanistan it was very difficult for him. Then this Article talks about the Nostalgia where, nostalgia is something which is suffered by both the two characters Erica and Changez who have been trapped by their past.
In the novel Changez draws his nostalgic evocation of his country about his past and his cultural. The narrator builds up his narration in such a way that it gives the reader an impact of losing the sympathy towards Changez and they do not find inconsistency.
Rupkatha Journal on Interdisciplinary Studies in Humanities. Violence against them includes physical assault, Muslims interrogation in American Society, rejection of citizenship, intolerance against multiculturalism, loss of identity, alienation. Also on the other hand this Article says it goes in slow moving rambling narrative which discloses the personal trauma which is outside confused and full of violence and the world which opposed torments of the soul the setting is what makes the confession tragic Noise at the beginning of the novel.
Attempts, unsolved questions, emphasized the social, psychological, religious and contributes the long lasting the process of duplicating the universal trauma. Does he represent himself or the secluded creed in general? The house had not changed in my absence. A socio-political structure where the Pakistani is perpetually posited as the hostile other in an Orientalist way, not just by the American the west , but also by the protagonist himself the East.
Hamid came to New York in search of identity and he succeeded in his career. It is important to note that Changez is an upper-class protagonist, western-trained and western- educated, to represent the Pakistani perspective. This too, is typically re-orientalist: while the power of representation may have reverted to the orient, representation never-the-less continues to be manipulated by a very small elite, and cumulatively by those with very strong western connection.
When this fascination has been tampered with an incident of national crisis that is been funnelled towards a certain ethnic group Muslims then that fascination turns a shade grey and takes the character of negativity and distrust.
This novel shows that how Hamid stems from his lack of sense of belonging and from his feeling of problematized identity. Hamid He wants to come back to Pakistan because of the attacks in America.
If you don't, you'll be out of the door" Hamid , Changez does his best to achieve the success. He never thought that he could get a job in Underwood Samson. America always seek help from Orients for their development.
He also mentions that the experiences of an exile are never pleasant rather it is a terrible experience. Said The protagonist back home belongs to a middle class but however when he was displaced and moved to a new environment he desperately wants to be a part of working class and seeks for a job.
It is to our understanding that he desire to be a part of that society by working among them firstly because of economic stability and secondly this will bring him recognition and give him ways to have a superior status which again in return will facilitate him with power.
He asks Erica to assume he is Chris. Here, we find that he gradually tries to enter her world and in some sense tries to set territories over her by pretending to be someone else. Here we assume that he exhibits the trait of a patriarchal man who wants to be the upper hand and manipulate Erica.
Simone Weil Said Through this statement we understand that one becomes completely selfish when one is undergoing the process of exile because he is firstly displaced and secondly to get acquainted in the new environment, he must acquire the skill of surviving hence, the only factor that matters to him is survival.
The Protagonist was born and brought up in Lahore Pakistan but moves to America by choice for professional career purposes. He visit Pakistan but always returns to America. Exiles always remain as wanderers. They immigrated in search of promising land for have a better life economically.
And, they want to escape from the political pressure from their homeland. Many individuals migrate for better employment and career. Muslims continues immigrant to western countries, and they were considered as second and third generation.
Muslims settled in western countries like exile, expatriate, immigrant and refugee. Islam is one of the most populated religions in this world that presently constitutes It is believed to gain its origin since the earth was created. There is a long historical background that relates to Islamic culture and civilization which is rooted in the belief of one God ideology. In the initial stages of the beginning of Islam religion, It is believed that they were first devoted to prophet Adam and gradually became devotees of prophet Muhammad and formed the present day Islam religion.
According to Muslims, They consider Macca and Madeena as holy religious places that could sanctify them. To them, Living in the light of Allah and humanity were the most important concerns. Hence, for a long period of time, Islamic people led beautiful lives, enjoyed life and strictly followed their religious beliefs according to how Quran verses were laid down in their holy book.
Many were inclined towards this kind of lifestyle and began to convert into Islam which was gradually seen as a threat because of the population they cover.
They were found in almost all the parts of the world and this gave birth to Islam phobia where any non-Muslim saw Islam in a negative light.
This became an example of humanity which inspired Ali to convert into a Muslim himself. But with passage of time, the world changed and many horrific incidents took place terrorism being one of them has now become one of the most unsolved universal problem which is prevailing in present time and it is full-fledged currently.
Similarly, this is seen in the case of terrorism too. The arms and ammunitions used by this kind of terrorist groups are sponsored by Westerners to divide the Muslims but media barely highlights such issues because of the power politics that is in play.
After this incident, Muslims were greatly highlighted in a negative light where they were gradually secluded from the rest of the world. This has become a major block for the Muslim immigrants who wish to move to a new land with hope for new beginnings due to economic reasons or because of all the political and religious pressures which they face in their homeland. Through the analysis of reluctant fundamentalist by Mohsin Hamid, He transparently draws the attention towards the Muslim community in American society which abjection the people within the eyes of terrorism and extremism.
The protagonist of the novel Changez constantly faces difficulty in the new space for certain reasons, one among which is his identity of being a Muslim. In fact, He is in search of his homeland from the time he got displaced. The moment he mentions his name, he is seen as a threat to the American society. This is seen through the statement by Changez when he says Changez represented the Muslim community who dramatically victimized American exploitation. How are Muslims referred as terrorist is a question.
The answer is, The Americans who has created an image of the Muslims as terrorists mostly after the collapse of the World Trade Center and thus the entire world also began to see Muslims in a negative light.
The renowned scholar Michleh. However, A phobia has gradually been created where people has become intolerant towards the Muslims in almost all parts of the world. Yet America belittles Muslims in every way and try to alienate them in every possible way. Similarly, Changez is the victim of alienated Muslim identity in the western world. They have a desire to move and settle in America because of the luxuries that America promises to the world.
Especially the east orients because America provides economic stability, cultural freedom and limitless opportunities for everyone. Hence, she has attracted more people over the years. America has become a base camp that accommodates people who move from other parts of the world. He got a scholarship to study in Princeton University, New York.
This paved a way for him to live in America and additionally, this marked the stepping stone for his dream. He left Pakistan and went to America to pursue further studies. Later, he got job in Underwood Samson Company. He firstly did not expect to get a job because he felt inferior and also he was made to believe that only the efficient ones end up getting the job. But all these were proved to be false after he got into the company. Here, his American dream came true. When he went to America, he was in awe of the American life and culture.
It was beside his beach-on a rise behind a protective ridge of sand dunes and it had a swimming pool. The novel reflects the politics of ethnicity, national identity and wealthy life. Gatsby is seen as the wealthiest man who lives in west egg New York, near the long Island beach. The place where he lived is also significant because only the wealthy people can afford to live in such locations. Every Saturday he hosts a great party which full of drinks, music and dance.
When Hamid attended a party, he remembered the story of Great Gatsby. This is also a part of American dream to live like Gatsby, a billionaire. Most people wishes to marry an American girl. But his dream lasted only got a while and this marked the failure of his American dream.
She viewed her relationship with Changez as being unfaithful to Chris who passed away a year prior. So, she left him and runs away. At last Changez loses his job and loses his girlfriend at one go. He has love for both his country and women. Author describes the character in a greater detail, and we typically know their age, their size, ethnicity and other distinctive physical characteristic that would be pertinent to the story. He narrates the story of disillusionment in his state with a stranger.
Initially, he loved America and had great expectations and even worked at the Underwood Samson firm. He later gets into a relationship with an American girl named Erica who previously had a boyfriend named Chris.
His girlfriend had feelings for him but at the same time keeps recalling and remembering her ex boyfriend Chris who we learned passed away.
So here, her feelings for Changez are also doubtful. She began to have tendencies of seeing Changez as an exotic foreigner. The land of his dreams now turned into a land of nightmare. He in the end returns back to Pakistan with a cold heart and bitter memories. This character is sometimes complicated in a sense he always had mixed emotions about this country America. Jim is an executive director by profession at Underwood Samson. He is presented as a successful American and serves as a mentor of Changez.
When Changez had an interview with Jim, Changez was reminded of how he had only 15 minute to sell himself. He completed the task given by Jim and that impressed him to employ Changez to the firm. The first impression being of a good one, Jim supports and encourages Changez a lot. Jim never fails to helps and advice Changez. In this sense, He was like a father, a friend and mentor to Changez. This eventually led Changez to quit his job. She represents the American dream and also plays an important role in this Novel.
Erica is introduced to the reader as Changez girlfriend during the time he stayed in America. Erica herself is the representative of his tumultuous relationship with America. Her physical appearance appears to be someone who was called beautiful, smart and popular.
As mentioned earlier, She was in a relationship with Changez but was not fully committed to him as she could not completely get over her ex boyfriend who passed away of lung cancer.
After this incident, their relationship crumbled but in our reading Changez was still in love with her. Sometimes he thinks of her and wanted closure but that was very unlikely to happen.
Both were victims of the trauma, Erica of her past and Changez of his present. His feelings were true and this is evident when he even goes to the extent of asking Erica to assume that he was Chris. Changez keeps recalling his days with Erika and his life in America. Erica lost her mind when was rejected everywhere in the society for being with a Muslim immigrant, this became depressing for and as well as Changez.
America refused to give an identity to Changez and he struggled to gain acceptance and also win back Erica which were both a failed attempt.
When Changez started the conversation with him, he also talked about his personal and professional life with a random stranger. He remains silent and Changez initiate the whole conversation. The reader can assume the stranger as a spy, a random tourist etc. And as he tells you his story, of how he embraced the Western dream -- and a Western woman -- and how both betrayed him, so the night darkens. Then the true reason for your meeting becomes abundantly clear. Challenging, mysterious and thrillingly tense, Mohsin Hamid's masterly The Reluctant Fundamentalist is a vital read teeming with questions and ideas about some of the most pressing issues of today's globalised, fractured world.
Intelligent and highly engaging, genuinely provocative' Guardian 'A brilliant book' Kiran Desai 'Prods the intellect, quickens the pace and captures the imagination' Sunday Times. Wissenschaftlicher Aufsatz aus dem Jahr im Fachbereich Soziologie - Individuum, Gruppe, Gesellschaft, , Sprache: Deutsch, Abstract: The focus of this research paper is to stimulate as well as evoke the study of theoretical underpinning of hybridity and identity crisis in The Reluctant Fundamentalist by Mohsin Hamid.
In addition, the research also draws upon Homi K Bhabhas's concept of hybridity to trace their connection. The findings of this research throw light upon the interwoven pattern of hybridity and identity crisis. Thus, novelists exposed and expressed the conditions of identity Crises that emerged in postcolonial period. Otherness is a feature to recognize identity in postcolonial era in which also means it is twofold, "both identity and difference, so that every other, every different than and excluded by is dialectically created and includes the values and meaning of the colonizing culture even as it rejects its power to define".
Research Paper postgraduate from the year in the subject American Studies - Literature, , language: English, abstract: The focus of this paper is the plight the Muslims of the world, especially those living in America, face due to religious discriminations. This discrimination is the result of the religious profiling of the media and the institutions which are working to spread the ideology of the West to the rest of the world. Everything is under their control so they manipulate the facts.
Many Asian writers have tried to portray the true picture of the scene but it remains a great crisis need to be resolved. A Book by Hamid, Mohsin,Mohsin. A Book by Mohsin Hamid.
From Book to Film by Mira Nair. A Book by Keren Shlezinger. Teacher's guide. The Reluctant Fundamentalist by Tony Thompson. Study Guide by Mohsin Hamid. A Book by Anonim.
A Book by Elizabeth Shestakova. A Book by Rabbia Rani.
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